ТРАНСМЕДИЙНОЕ ПОВЕСТВОВАНИЕ И ИНТЕРТЕКСТУАЛЬНОСТЬ В ИГРОВОЙ «ВСЕЛЕННОЙ ВОЕННОГО РЕМЕСЛА» (WORLD OF WARCRAFT) И В РОМАНАХ ЙОХАННЫ СИНИСАЛО (ФИНЛЯНДИЯ)
Ключевые слова:
трансмедийность, повествование, интертекстуальность, медиа, фэнтези, World of Warcraft, финская литература, Й. Синисало
Аннотация
В статье рассмотрен прием трансмедийного повествования и интертекстуальности на материале игровой вселенной «Военного ремесла» (World of Warcraft) и романов финской писательницы Йоханны Синисало (J. Sinisalo). Охарактеризован термин «трансмедийное повествование», говорится о его эквиваленте применительно к литературоведению, приводятся примеры использования данного приема. Автор приходит к выводу о широком потенциале использования трансмедийного повествования в игровых вселенных и интертекста в литературе фэнтези Финляндии. Сделан вывод о том, что оба фэнтезийных мира используют интертекст, чтобы выйти за рамки одного текста с целью создания прочной связи с читателем, для большей убедительности существования фэнтезийного мира. Как и создатели вселенной Warcraft, Й. Синисало ставит перед собой задачу снять ограничения одного типа медиа-платформы, создавая внутри повествования отсылки к другим медиа и текстам. Для этого Й. Синисало включает ссылки на интернет-сайты, документы и статьи в художественный мир произведения.
Литература
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2. Andrén A. Tracing Old Norse Cosmology: The World Tree, Middle Earth & The Sun. Archaeological Perspectives. Lund: Nordic Academic Press, 2014. 247 p.
3. Andrén A., Jennbert K., Raudvere C. Old Norse Religion in Long-term Perspectives, Origins, Changes and Interactions. An International Conference in Lund, Sweden. June 3-7 2004. Lund: Nordic AcademicPress, 2006. 416 p.
4. Barabas E. Transmedia Storytelling in the Warcraft Universe: the Role of Intermediality in Shaping the Warcraft Lore. Dublin, 2020. 76 p. Available at: https://www.scss.tcd.ie/publications/theses/diss/2020/TCD-SCSS-DISSERTATION-2020-002.pdf (access date: 19.07.2021).
5. Bernauer L. “Elune be Praised!” World of Warcraft, its People and Religions, and Their Real World Inspiration. Literature & Aesthetics 19(2). December 2009. p. 315-327. Available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/229421217.pdf (access date: 19.07.2021).
6. Deterding S., Zagal J. Role-Playing Game Studies: Transmedia Foundations. Games & Activities, 2018. 484 p.
7. Haarala R. Suomen kielen perussanakirja. Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus 2. osa: L-R. Helsinki:Valtion painatuskeskus, 1992. 699 p.
8. Haavio M. Suomalaiset kodinhaltiat. Helsinki: WsoY, 1942. P. 10-11.
9. Henry J. Transmedia Storytelling 101. Available at: http://henryjenkins.org/2007/03/transmedia_story telling_101.html. (accessed: 07.11.2020).
10. Hermann S., Mitchell St. A., Schjødt J., Rose A. J. (eds.). Old Norse Mythology - Comparative Perspectives. Publications of the Milman Parry Collection of Oral Literature, 3. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 2017. 397 p.
11. How PR will change in the coming years: the results of the Global Communications Report study. Media Bitch: Independent Journal of PR. April 25. 2017. Available at: http://mediabitch.ru/pr-trends-golin/ (access date: 19.05.2019).
12. Jalas R. Muutama sana steriloimisesta ja sterilisoimislaista. Kotiliesi, 1935. S. 270 ja 291.
13. Kalevala. Edited by M. Shaginyan, translated by L. Belsky. Moscow, 1977. 574 p. In Russian.
14. Kalevala. The Epic poem of Finland by J. M. Crowford, 2019. Available at: https://www.globalgreyebooks.com/kalevala-ebook.html (accessed 07.12.2020).
15. Kielitoimiston sanakirja. Available at: https://www.kielitoimistonsanakirja.fi/#/media?searchMode=all (accessed: 24.02.2021).
16. Kinder M. Playing with power in movies, television, and video games: from Muppet Babies to Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. Univ of California Press, 1991. p. 1-2.
17. Knutson S. A. The Materiality of Myth: Divine Objects in Norse Mythology. Temenos 2019. vol. 55. issue 1. Р. 29-53.
18. Kure H. Hanging on the World Tree. Man and Cosmos in Old Norse mythic poetry. Old Norse religion in long-term perspective. Andrén J. & Raudvere (eds.). Lund: Nordic Academic Press, 2006. Р. 68-71.
19. Labov W., Waletzky J. Narrative analysis: Oral versions of personal experience. University of Washington Press, 2003. Р. 74-104. Available at: https://www.ling.upenn.edu/~rnoyer/courses/103/narrative.pdf (accessed: 20.12.2020). In Russian.
20. Law of the Russian Federation of December 27. 1991. Available at: http://base.garant.ru/10164247/1/#100 (accessed: 07.12.2020) (In Russian).
21. Macmillan Online Dictionary. Available at: https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/medium_1 (accessed: 24.02.2021).
22. Metzen C., Burns M., Brooks R. World of Warcraft: Chronicle Volume 1. Dark Horse Books, 2016. 184 p.
23. Metzen C., Burns M., Brooks R. World of Warcraft: Chronicle Volume 2. Dark Horse Books, 2017. 201 p.
24. Metzen, C., Burns, M., Brooks, R. World of Warcraft: Chronicle Volume 3. Dark Horse Books, 2018. 225 p.
25. Meyrowitz J. Images of media: Hidden ferment-and harmony-in the field. Journal of Communication, 1993. № 43(3). Available at: http://faculty.tamucc.edu/ethompson/courses/newmedia/meyrowitzimages.pdf (accessed: 24.02.2021).
26. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Available at: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/medium_2 (accessed: 24.02.2021).
27. Raudvere C., Schjødt J. More Than Mythology: Narratives, Ritual Practices and Regional Distribution in Pre-Christian Scandinavian Religions. Lund: Nordic Academic Press, 2012. 287 p.
28. Ryan M. L. Defining media from the perspective of narratology. Handelshøjskolen i Århus. Institut for Sprog og Erhvervskommunikation. VÆRK, 2013. Available at: http://pure.au.dk/portal/files/7562/M-L_Ryans_paper.pdf (accessed: 11.06.2020).
29. Salnikova E. V. The epoch of transmedia. Artistic culture, 2018. № 4(26). Р. 102-127. In Russian.
30. Samola H., Roine H.-R. Discussions of Genre Interpretations in Johanna Sinisalo's Auringon ydin and Finnish Weird. Fafnir. Vol. 1. Iss. 3. Р. 27-35.
31. Sinisalo J. Auringon ydin. Helsinki: Teos, 2013. 300 s.
32. Sinisalo J. Ennen päivänlaskua ei voi. Helsinki: Kustannusosakeyhttiö Tammi, 2000. 268 s.
33. Söderberg H. Reluctant readers and game literature: An intertextual analysis of World of Warcraft: Chronicle I. Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. Available at: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-88080 (access date: 19.07.2021).
34. Spiridonov M. Man will act in multiple realities that will merge into one game. Forbes online magazine, 2012. Available at: https://www.forbes.ru/tehno-opinion/internet-i-telekommunikatsii/80732-chelovek-budet-deistvovat-vo-mnozhestve-realnostei- (access date: 19.05.2020). In Russian.
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36. Tenderich B. Design Elements of Transmedia Branding, 2013. p. 1-10 Available at: http://www.edee.gr/files/white_papers_cases_articles/design%20elements%20of%20transmedia%20branding.pdf (access date: 19.05.2020).
37. Thon J-N.Computer Games, Fictional Worlds and Transmedia Storytelling: A Narratological Perspective. The Philosophy of Computer Games Conference, Oslo 2009. Р. 1-6.
38. Timofeev L. F., Turaev S. V. Dictionary of Literary Terms. Moscow: 1974. p. 749-750. In Russian.
39. Toporova T. On the mythological songs of the “Elder Edda” as a system. Scandinavian Philology, 2021.vol. 19. issue 1. Р. 71-84. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2021.105. In Russian.
Поступила в редакцию
2021-07-19
Опубликована 2022-03-20
Опубликована 2022-03-20