РАЗВИТИЕ ВЗГЛЯДОВ НА ИЗУЧЕНИЕ СИМВОЛИЧЕСКИХ ОБЪЕКТОВ, ИДЕОЛОГИИ И ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГОСОЗНАНИЯ ПЕРЕДНЕАЗИАТСКИХ СООБЩЕСТВ ПЕРЕХОДНОГО К НЕОЛИТУ ВРЕМЕНИ
Ключевые слова:
Плодородный полумесяц, процесс неолитизации, символические системы, социально-идеологические трансформации, история исследований
Аннотация
Статья посвящена развитию взглядов и подходов в исследовании социальной, духовной и идеологической сфер жизни населения первичных очагов перехода к неолиту в зоне Плодородного полумесяца. Выделяются следующие периоды: 1) начала Робертом Брейдвудом и его коллегами полевых работ, опиравшихся на теоретические разработки Вира Гордона Чайлда и осуществлявшихся в контексте становления функционалистского и процессуального направлений; 2) формирования психо- и социо-культурных подходов, в частности теории Жака Ковэна о «неолитической революции символов», при взаимодействии с идеями пост-процессуальной археологии; 3) с расширением применяемых методов и методикисследований, а также увеличение изученных памятников и областей на современном этапе, уточнением ранее выдвигавшихся теоретических положений и появление новых перспективных разработок в изучении ментальных, духовных и социально-идеологических трансформаций ранненеолитических коллективов.
Литература
1. Клейн Л. С. Коллектив Ходдера о религии в раннем неолите (Hodder I. (ed.).Religion in the emergence of civilization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 373 р.) // Российский археологический ежегодник. 2012. № 2.
2. Корниенко Т. В. Концепция «революции символов» Жака Ковена двадцать лет спустя // Вестн. Воронеж.гос. ун-та. Сер.: История. Политология. Социология. 2015. № 1.
3. Корниенко Т. В. О возможностях применения психосоциального подхода в изучении доисторических сообществ (на примере исследований символических систем Северной Месопотамии эпохи раннего неолита) // Археологические вести. 2015. № 21.
4. Корниенко Т. В. Профанный и сакральный контекст жилищ Северной Месопотамии на этапе становления неолита // Вестн. Воронеж.гос. ун-та. Сер.: История. Политология. Социология. 2016. № 1.
5. Коробкова Г.Ф. Орудия труда и начало земледелия на Ближнем Востоке // Археологические вести. 1994. № 3.
6. Ламберг-Карловский К. В. Гордон Чайлд и концепция революции // ВДИ. 1993. № 4.
7. Мелларт Дж. Древнейшие цивилизации Ближнего Востока. М.,1982.
8. Atakuman Ç. Architectural Discourse and Social Transformation During the Early Neolithic of Southeast Anatolia // Journal of World Prehistory. 2014. № 27.
9. Bardone E., Magnani L. Sharing Representations Through Cognitive Niche Construction // Data Science Journal. 2007. Vol. 6.
10. Benz M., Bauer J. Symbols of power - Symbols of crisis? A Psycho-social approach to Early Neolithic symbol systems // Neo-Lithics: The Newsletter of Southwest Asian Neolithic Research. 2013. № 2.
11. Bender B. Gatherer-hunter to farmer a social perspective // World Archaeology. 1978. Vol. 10/2.
12. Cauvin J. L'apparition des premières divinités // La Recherche. 1987. № 194.
13. Cauvin J. Naissance des divinités. Naissance de L'agriculture: la révolution des symboles au Néolithique. Paris, 1994.
14. Childe V.G. Man Makes Himself. New York,1951.
15. DietrichО.,Heun М., Notroff J., Schmidt К., Zarnkow М.The role of cult and feasting in the emergence of Neolithic communities. New evidence from GobekliTepe, south-eastern Turkey // Antiquity. 2012.Vol. 86.
16. Clark A. Language, embodiment, and the cognitive niche // Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2006. Vol. 10(8).
17. Hodder I.Symbols in action. Ethnoarchaeological Studies of Material Culture. Cambridge, 1982.
18. Hodder I. Theoretical archaeology: a reactionary view // Symbolic and structural archaeology / Ed. I. Hodder. Cambridge, 1982.
19. Hodder I. Post-processual archaeology // Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory. 1985. Vol. 8.
20. Hodder I. Reading the past: current approaches to interpretation in archaeology. Cambridge and New York,1986.
21. Hodder I. The Domestication of Europe: Structure and Contingency in Neolithic Societies. Oxford, 1990.
22. Hodder I. The Leopard’s Tale: Revealing the Mysteries of Çatalhöyük. London, 2006.
23. Hodder I., Meskell L. A ‘Curious and Sometimes a Trifle Macabre Artistry’: Some Aspects of Symbolism in Neolithic Turkey // Current Anthropology. 2011. Vol. 52/2.
24. Kenyon K. Excavations at Jericho III, The Architecture and Stratigraphy of the Tell. Text. London, 1981.
25. Knight C. Menstruation and the origins of culture. A reconsideration of Lévi-Strauss’s work on symbolism and myth. PhD thesis. London,1987.
26. Knight C. Blood Relations: Menstruation and the Origins of Culture. New Haven and London, 1995.
27. McBride A. Performance and Participation: Multi-Sensual Analysis of Near Eastern Pre-Pottery Neolithic Non-Domestic Architecture // Paléorient. 2013. Vol. 39/2.
28. Mellaart J. The Neolitic Near East. London, 1975.
29. Notroff J., Dietrich О. A sanctuary, or so fair a house? In defense of an archaeology of cult at Pre-Pottery Neolithic GöbekliTepe // Defining the Sacred: Approaches to the Archaeology of Religion in the Near East. Oxford,2015.
30. Odling-Smee F.J., Laland K.N., Feldman M.W. Niche Construction: the neglected process in evolution. Princeton (N.J.), 2003.
31. Orrelle Е. Material Images of Humans from the Natufian to Pottery Neolithic Periods in the Levant. BAR International Series 2595. Oxford,2014.
32. Power C. Women in Prehistoric art // New Perspectives on Prehistoric Art. Westport, Connecticut and London,2004.
33. Power C., Watts I. Female strategies and collective behaviour: the archaeology of earliest Homo sapiens sapiens // The Archaeology of Human Ancestry: Power, Sex and Tradition. London,1996.
34. Power C., Sommer V., Watts I. The Seasonality Thermostat: Female Reproductive Synchrony and Male Behavior in Monkeys, Neanderthals, and Modern Humans // PaleoAnthropology. 2013. doi:10.4207/PA.2013.ART79
35. Religion in the emergence of civilization: Çatalhöyük as a Case Study / Еd. I. Hodder. Cambridge, 2010.
36. Pinker S. The cognitive niche: Coevolution of intelligence, sociality, and language // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 2010.Vol. 107 (Supplement 2).
37. Renfrew A.C., Bahn P.G. Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice. London,1991.
38. Renfrew C., Cauvin J. 1994. Naissance des divinités. Naissance de l'agriculture: la révolution des symboles au Néolithique // Paléorient. 1994.Vol. 20/2.
39. Riehl S., Benz M., Conard N.J., Zeidi-Kulehparcheh M., Darabi H., Nashli H.F., Deckers K. Plant use in three Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites of the Northern and Eastern Fertile Crescent: a preliminary report // Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 2012. № 21 (2).
40. Schmidt K. Siebauten die ersten Tempel: das rätselhafte Heiligtum der Steinzeitjäger: die archäologische Entdeckung am GöbekliTepe. München, 2006. (В переводе на рус. Яз.: Шмидт К. Они строили первые храмы. Таинственное святилище охотников каменного века. Археологические открытия в Гёбекли Тепе. СПб, 2011).
41. Schmidt К.GöbekliTepe// The Neolithic in Turkey. The Euphrates basin.Istanbul, 2011.
42. Savard M., Nesbitt M., Jones M.K. The role of wild grasses in subsistence and sedentism: new evidence from the northern Fertile Crescent // World Archaeology. 2006. Vol. 38/2.
43. SterelnyК.,WatkinsT.Neolithization in Southwest Asia in a Context of Niche Construction Theory // Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 2015. Vol. 25/3.
44. Symbols at 'Ain Ghazal. Excavation Reports 3 / Ed. D Schmandt-Besserat. Berlin, 2013.
45. The Ancient Mind. Elements of Cognitive Archaeology / Eds C. Renfrew, E. B. W. Zubrow. Cambridge, 1994.
46. The Archaeology of Contextual Meanings / Ed. I. Hodder. Cambridge, 1987.
47. Verhoeven M. Ritual and Ideology in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B of the Levant and Southeast Anatolia // Cambridge Archaeology Journal. 2002. Vol. 12/2.
48. Verhoeven M. Transformations of Society: the Changing Role of Ritual and Symbolism in the PPNB and the PN in the Levant, Syria and South-East Anatolia // Paléorient. 2002. Vol. 28/1.
49. Watkins T. Architecture and ‘theatres of memory’ in the Neolithic South West Asia // Rethinking Materiality: The Engagement of Mind with the Material World. Cambridge, 2004.
50. Watkins T. Building houses, framing concepts, constructing worlds. // Paléorient. 2004. Vol. 30/1.
51. Watkins T. Architecture and the symbolic construction of new worlds// Domesticating Space: Construction, community, and cosmology in the late prehistoric Near East. Berlin,2006.
52. Watkins T. Household, community and social landscape: building and maintaining social memory in the early Neolithic of southwest Asia // ‘As Time Goes By’: Monuments, Landscapes and the Temporal Perspective. Socio-environmental dynamics over the last 12,000 years. Bonn, 2012.
53. Watkins T. Neolithisation Needs Evolution, as Evolution Needs Neolithisation // Neo-Lithics: The Newsletter of Southwest Asian Neolithic Research. 2013. № 2.
54. Watkins T. Ritual performance and religion in early Neolithic societies// Defining the Sacred: Approaches to the Archaeology of Religion in the Near East. Oxford, 2015.
55. Willcox G. The Roots of Cultivation in Southwestern Asia // Science. 2013. Vol. 341. № 6141.
2. Корниенко Т. В. Концепция «революции символов» Жака Ковена двадцать лет спустя // Вестн. Воронеж.гос. ун-та. Сер.: История. Политология. Социология. 2015. № 1.
3. Корниенко Т. В. О возможностях применения психосоциального подхода в изучении доисторических сообществ (на примере исследований символических систем Северной Месопотамии эпохи раннего неолита) // Археологические вести. 2015. № 21.
4. Корниенко Т. В. Профанный и сакральный контекст жилищ Северной Месопотамии на этапе становления неолита // Вестн. Воронеж.гос. ун-та. Сер.: История. Политология. Социология. 2016. № 1.
5. Коробкова Г.Ф. Орудия труда и начало земледелия на Ближнем Востоке // Археологические вести. 1994. № 3.
6. Ламберг-Карловский К. В. Гордон Чайлд и концепция революции // ВДИ. 1993. № 4.
7. Мелларт Дж. Древнейшие цивилизации Ближнего Востока. М.,1982.
8. Atakuman Ç. Architectural Discourse and Social Transformation During the Early Neolithic of Southeast Anatolia // Journal of World Prehistory. 2014. № 27.
9. Bardone E., Magnani L. Sharing Representations Through Cognitive Niche Construction // Data Science Journal. 2007. Vol. 6.
10. Benz M., Bauer J. Symbols of power - Symbols of crisis? A Psycho-social approach to Early Neolithic symbol systems // Neo-Lithics: The Newsletter of Southwest Asian Neolithic Research. 2013. № 2.
11. Bender B. Gatherer-hunter to farmer a social perspective // World Archaeology. 1978. Vol. 10/2.
12. Cauvin J. L'apparition des premières divinités // La Recherche. 1987. № 194.
13. Cauvin J. Naissance des divinités. Naissance de L'agriculture: la révolution des symboles au Néolithique. Paris, 1994.
14. Childe V.G. Man Makes Himself. New York,1951.
15. DietrichО.,Heun М., Notroff J., Schmidt К., Zarnkow М.The role of cult and feasting in the emergence of Neolithic communities. New evidence from GobekliTepe, south-eastern Turkey // Antiquity. 2012.Vol. 86.
16. Clark A. Language, embodiment, and the cognitive niche // Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2006. Vol. 10(8).
17. Hodder I.Symbols in action. Ethnoarchaeological Studies of Material Culture. Cambridge, 1982.
18. Hodder I. Theoretical archaeology: a reactionary view // Symbolic and structural archaeology / Ed. I. Hodder. Cambridge, 1982.
19. Hodder I. Post-processual archaeology // Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory. 1985. Vol. 8.
20. Hodder I. Reading the past: current approaches to interpretation in archaeology. Cambridge and New York,1986.
21. Hodder I. The Domestication of Europe: Structure and Contingency in Neolithic Societies. Oxford, 1990.
22. Hodder I. The Leopard’s Tale: Revealing the Mysteries of Çatalhöyük. London, 2006.
23. Hodder I., Meskell L. A ‘Curious and Sometimes a Trifle Macabre Artistry’: Some Aspects of Symbolism in Neolithic Turkey // Current Anthropology. 2011. Vol. 52/2.
24. Kenyon K. Excavations at Jericho III, The Architecture and Stratigraphy of the Tell. Text. London, 1981.
25. Knight C. Menstruation and the origins of culture. A reconsideration of Lévi-Strauss’s work on symbolism and myth. PhD thesis. London,1987.
26. Knight C. Blood Relations: Menstruation and the Origins of Culture. New Haven and London, 1995.
27. McBride A. Performance and Participation: Multi-Sensual Analysis of Near Eastern Pre-Pottery Neolithic Non-Domestic Architecture // Paléorient. 2013. Vol. 39/2.
28. Mellaart J. The Neolitic Near East. London, 1975.
29. Notroff J., Dietrich О. A sanctuary, or so fair a house? In defense of an archaeology of cult at Pre-Pottery Neolithic GöbekliTepe // Defining the Sacred: Approaches to the Archaeology of Religion in the Near East. Oxford,2015.
30. Odling-Smee F.J., Laland K.N., Feldman M.W. Niche Construction: the neglected process in evolution. Princeton (N.J.), 2003.
31. Orrelle Е. Material Images of Humans from the Natufian to Pottery Neolithic Periods in the Levant. BAR International Series 2595. Oxford,2014.
32. Power C. Women in Prehistoric art // New Perspectives on Prehistoric Art. Westport, Connecticut and London,2004.
33. Power C., Watts I. Female strategies and collective behaviour: the archaeology of earliest Homo sapiens sapiens // The Archaeology of Human Ancestry: Power, Sex and Tradition. London,1996.
34. Power C., Sommer V., Watts I. The Seasonality Thermostat: Female Reproductive Synchrony and Male Behavior in Monkeys, Neanderthals, and Modern Humans // PaleoAnthropology. 2013. doi:10.4207/PA.2013.ART79
35. Religion in the emergence of civilization: Çatalhöyük as a Case Study / Еd. I. Hodder. Cambridge, 2010.
36. Pinker S. The cognitive niche: Coevolution of intelligence, sociality, and language // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 2010.Vol. 107 (Supplement 2).
37. Renfrew A.C., Bahn P.G. Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice. London,1991.
38. Renfrew C., Cauvin J. 1994. Naissance des divinités. Naissance de l'agriculture: la révolution des symboles au Néolithique // Paléorient. 1994.Vol. 20/2.
39. Riehl S., Benz M., Conard N.J., Zeidi-Kulehparcheh M., Darabi H., Nashli H.F., Deckers K. Plant use in three Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites of the Northern and Eastern Fertile Crescent: a preliminary report // Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 2012. № 21 (2).
40. Schmidt K. Siebauten die ersten Tempel: das rätselhafte Heiligtum der Steinzeitjäger: die archäologische Entdeckung am GöbekliTepe. München, 2006. (В переводе на рус. Яз.: Шмидт К. Они строили первые храмы. Таинственное святилище охотников каменного века. Археологические открытия в Гёбекли Тепе. СПб, 2011).
41. Schmidt К.GöbekliTepe// The Neolithic in Turkey. The Euphrates basin.Istanbul, 2011.
42. Savard M., Nesbitt M., Jones M.K. The role of wild grasses in subsistence and sedentism: new evidence from the northern Fertile Crescent // World Archaeology. 2006. Vol. 38/2.
43. SterelnyК.,WatkinsT.Neolithization in Southwest Asia in a Context of Niche Construction Theory // Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 2015. Vol. 25/3.
44. Symbols at 'Ain Ghazal. Excavation Reports 3 / Ed. D Schmandt-Besserat. Berlin, 2013.
45. The Ancient Mind. Elements of Cognitive Archaeology / Eds C. Renfrew, E. B. W. Zubrow. Cambridge, 1994.
46. The Archaeology of Contextual Meanings / Ed. I. Hodder. Cambridge, 1987.
47. Verhoeven M. Ritual and Ideology in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B of the Levant and Southeast Anatolia // Cambridge Archaeology Journal. 2002. Vol. 12/2.
48. Verhoeven M. Transformations of Society: the Changing Role of Ritual and Symbolism in the PPNB and the PN in the Levant, Syria and South-East Anatolia // Paléorient. 2002. Vol. 28/1.
49. Watkins T. Architecture and ‘theatres of memory’ in the Neolithic South West Asia // Rethinking Materiality: The Engagement of Mind with the Material World. Cambridge, 2004.
50. Watkins T. Building houses, framing concepts, constructing worlds. // Paléorient. 2004. Vol. 30/1.
51. Watkins T. Architecture and the symbolic construction of new worlds// Domesticating Space: Construction, community, and cosmology in the late prehistoric Near East. Berlin,2006.
52. Watkins T. Household, community and social landscape: building and maintaining social memory in the early Neolithic of southwest Asia // ‘As Time Goes By’: Monuments, Landscapes and the Temporal Perspective. Socio-environmental dynamics over the last 12,000 years. Bonn, 2012.
53. Watkins T. Neolithisation Needs Evolution, as Evolution Needs Neolithisation // Neo-Lithics: The Newsletter of Southwest Asian Neolithic Research. 2013. № 2.
54. Watkins T. Ritual performance and religion in early Neolithic societies// Defining the Sacred: Approaches to the Archaeology of Religion in the Near East. Oxford, 2015.
55. Willcox G. The Roots of Cultivation in Southwestern Asia // Science. 2013. Vol. 341. № 6141.
Поступила в редакцию
2017-05-05
Опубликована 2017-08-30
Опубликована 2017-08-30