ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА ВО ВЗГЛЯДАХ РАДИКАЛЬНЫХ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛОВ НА РУБЕЖЕ ВЕКОВ (1890-1914 гг.)

  • Максим Владимирович Чернышев
    • Сиенский университет, факультет политических и международных наук
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2019-3-2-214-231
Ключевые слова: модернизм, национал-социализм, декаданс, финдесьекль, консерватизм, фашизм, западная цивилизация, политический радикализм

Аннотация

Fin-de-siècle («финдесьекль») - французский термин, обозначающий конец века и используемый также для характеристики качественных изменений в разных областях общественной жизни европейского общества между 1890 и 1914 годами. На пороге 20го века можно было наблюдать феномен формирования модернистской политической идеологии нового типа, которая отлична от «идеологии правых и левых», провозглашает необходимость культурной революции против декадентского буржуазного общества и ассоциирует данный протест с новыми формами политического воздействия. Известные писатели периода рубежа веков Габриэле Д'Аннунцио и Морис Баррес воплотили эту тенденцию в своих произведениях. В данной статье утверждается, что, несмотря на заявленную попытку разрыва с идеалами «старой традиции» 19 века и поиска путей внутреннего личностного освобождения, представители новой интеллектуальной традиции представили часть идей, которые в дальнейшем ассоциировались с европейскими тоталитарными идеологиями фашизма и нацизма. В данном исследовании предпринимается попытка описать эволюцию взглядов двух авторов на национальные общества, принимая во внимание определенное количество противоречий в рамках периода рубежа веков, прежде всего между тенденциями декаданса, ярко проявленными в европейской культуре последней четверти 19 века, и стремлением к индивидуальному духовному обновлению, между заявленным культом личностного совершенства и коллективным мифом политического национализма.

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Поступила в редакцию 2019-04-03
Опубликована 2019-06-18
Выпуск
Том 3 № 2 (2019)
Раздел
Политология. Международные отношения
Страницы
214-231