«НОВОЕ НЕРАВЕНСТВО» И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ РОСТ ПОСЛЕ COVID-19
Ключевые слова:
неравенство доходов, «новое неравенство», экономический рост, макроэкономическая политика
Аннотация
Анализируются основные формы проявления «нового неравенства», вызванного коронавирусным кризисом. Выявляются причины усиления действующего неравенства в развитых странах и раскрываются его тенденции в доходах, получаемых льготах и компенсациях, благосостоянии различных децильных групп работников. Среди причин экономического неравенства выделяются: rent-seeking, ошибочная макроэкономическая политика, снижение роли профсоюзов, роль новых технологий и изменение структуры спроса на труд. Раскрыта новая форма экономического неравенства: взаимосвязь между уровнем здоровья и уровнем образования (дохода). Выявлен новый правящий класс развитых стран, заинтересованный в дальнейшем усилении экономического неравенства. Автор показывает, что пандемия привела к резкому расслоению доходов и благосостояния работников как внутри стран, так и между странами, превратив неравенство в опасную экономическую болезнь. По мнению автора, самым ярким проявлением «нового неравенства» в глобальном масштабе стало отсутствие доступа большинства стран мира к вакцинации. Показано негативное воздействие неравенства в доходах на экономический рост в долгосрочном периоде. Автор считает, что «новое неравенство» требует изменения национальной макроэкономической политики после коронавирусного кризиса.
Литература
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2. Stiglitz J. E. Inequality and Economic Growth // The Political Quarterly. 2015.Vol. 86(S1). P.134-155.
3. Wolf M. Why rigged capitalism is damaging liberal democracy? // Financial Times, September 18, 2019.
4. Mishel L., Bivens J., Gould E., Shierholz H. The State of Working America, 12th Edition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2012.
5. Kochan T.A., Kimball W.T. Unions, Worker Voice, and Management Practices: Implications for a High-Productivity, High Wage Economy. RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences. 2019. Vol. 5(5). P. 88-108. DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2019.5.5.05.
6. Sherk J. (2013). Productivity and Compensation: Growing Together. Heritage Foundation Center for Data Analysis Backgrounder. № 2825, July. 17 р. Retrieved from. URL: http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2013/07/ productivity-and-compensation-growing-together.
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8. Farber H.S., Herbst D., Kuziemko I., Naidu S. 2018. Unions and Inequality over the Twentieth Century: New Evidence from Survey Data. NBER Working Paper 24587.
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11. Groshen E. L., Holzer H. J. Improving Employment and Earnings in Twenty-First Century Labor Markets: An Introduction. RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences. 2019. Vol. 5(5). P. 1-19. DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2019.5.5.01.
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19. Time to perk up // The Economist. November 8th 2018.
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26. Deaton A. Instruments, randomization, and learning about development // Journal of economic literature. 2010.Vol. 48.2. P. 424-455.
27. Powell W., Snellman K. 2004. The knowledge economy // Annual Review of Sociology. Vol. 30. P. 199-220.
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41. Глава ВОЗ предупредил о последствиях неравного доступа к COVID-вакцине (interfax.ru).
42. Лукичев П.М. Институциональный анализ государственного регулирования // Вестн. Санкт-Петерб. ун-та. Экономика. 2001. №2. С. 37-44.
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44. Stiglitz J. E. The Price of Inequality: How Today’s Divided Society Endangers Our Future. New York, W.W. Norton, 2012.
45. Boushey Heather. How Inequality Constricts Our Economy and What We Can Do about It. Boston: Harvard University Press. 2019. 302 p.
Поступила в редакцию
2021-04-12
Опубликована 2021-06-08
Опубликована 2021-06-08