ASSESSMENT OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON THE RIVER BASINS OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC BY WATER CONSUMPTION INDICATORS: LEGAL ASPECT

Abstract

The article reveals the main aspects of water use of the Udmurt Republic, with the ranking of water consumption by river basins. The methodological basis was the synthesis, analysis, comparison, as well as cartographic research methods used in the processing of annual state statistical reporting data - forms No. 2-TP (vodkhoz). The main result of the work was a mapping of the regional total water consumption over a long period of time with the identification of river basins experiencing the greatest load on the intake of surface and groundwater and, accordingly, in need of regular monitoring of the water intake process and legal protection of water bodies. Of particular interest is the basin approach applied in the work together to the indicators of the intake of surface and groundwater, since in this case all components of the catchment area are taken into account. The sectors of the economy that are the most significant consumers of water within certain river basins and form the features of the regional picture of water consumption over a long period are identified. It is concluded that the Russian water legislation should be aimed at rational water use, in which the determining basis for decision-making by the participants of water relations, their actions or abstention from actions, will be the maximum use of each unit of extracted water mass while at the same time maximum protection of the water fund from pollution, clogging, depletion. The obtained materials can be used in forecasting the water management situation, planning water protection measures, the need for the introduction of water-saving technologies, the development of schemes for the integrated use of water bodies.