TOTEM MYTH IN L.N. TOLSTOY’s NOVEL "THE COSSACKS"
Keywords:
L.N. Tolstoy, totem, deer's mythologeme, archetype, plot, model, art system
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the problems relevant to modern literary criticism, connected with the functions of mythological codes in the poetics of the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "The Cossacks". The authors analyze the figurative and semantic coordinates of the totem myth, considering it in the dialectics of relationships and interactions with the mythological world of the work, as well as with its artistic system as a whole. This approach provides the novelty of the concepts developed in the paper. The central objects of the study are the deer's mythologeme and related archetypal plot situations realized in the story of Dmitry Olenin. The authors come to the conclusion that in the mythopoetic sign system of the novel, the image of the deer fulfills the functions of the hero's totem code of personality and the plot of his fate. The symbolic contexts of the work, associated with the deer's totem myth, largely determine the logic of the psychological and spiritually-moral interpretation of the image of the protagonist of "The Cossacks" and the way of understanding the author's view of it.
References
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18. Simvoly`, znaki, e`mblemy`: E`nciklopediya [Symbols, signs, emblems: Encyclopedia] / pod obshh. red. V.L. Telicyna. M.: Lokid-Press, Ripol Klassik, 2005. 495 p. (In Russian).
19. Tajlor E`.B. Pervoby`tnaya kul`tura [Primitive culture]. M.: Politizdat, 1989. 573 p. (In Russian).
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23. Xoll Dzh. Slovar` syuzhetov i simvolov v iskusstve [Dictionary of plots and symbols in art]. M.: KRONPRESS, 1996. 656 p. (In Russian).
24. Xramova M.N. Specifika obrazny`x predstavlenij o zhivotnom mife [Specificity of figurative ideas about animal myth] // Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta kul`tury` i iskusstv [Bulletin of the St. Petersburg State University of Culture and Arts]. 2014. № 1(18). P. 12-14. (In Russian).
25. Shirokova N.S. Mify` kel`tskix narodov [Myths of Celtic Peoples]. M.: AST, Astrel`, Tranzitkniga, 2005. 163 p. (In Russian).
2. Bidermann G. E`nciklopediya simvolov [Encyclopedia of symbols]. M.: Respublika, 1996. 335 p. (In Russian).
3. Gaby`shev E.S. Kul`t solncza v mifologii yakutov: Problema drevnix e`tnokul`turny`x parallelej [The cult of the sun in Yakut mythology: the Problem of ancient ethno-cultural Parallels]. Avtoreferat dis.. kandidata istoricheskikh nauk. Sankt-Peterburg, 1999. 22 p. (In Russian).
4. Gibris [E`lektronny`j resurs] // Vikipedia. URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1% D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81 (accessed: 08.02.2018) (In Russian).
5. Gura A.V. Olen` [Deer] // Slavyanskaya mifologiya. E`nciklopedicheskij slovar`[ Slavic mythology. Encyclopaedic dictionary] / otv. red. S.M. Tolstaya. M.: Mezhdunar. otnosheniya, 2002. P. 342-343. (In Russian).
6. Eroshkin D.V. Nebesny`j oxotnik i solnechny`j olen` (k voprosu ob astral`noj semantike petroglifov Gornogo Altaya) [The sky hunter and the solar deer (about the astral semantics of the petroglyphs of the Altai mountains)] // Stepi Evrazii v drevnosti i Srednevekov`e: Materialy` Mezhdunar. nauch. konf., posvyashh. 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya Mixaila Petrovicha Gryaznova. Kn. 2 [The Steppes of Eurasia in Antiquity and the Middle Ages: Materials of the Intern. sci. conf., dedicated. 100th anniversary of the birth of Mikhail Petrovich Gryaznov. Book 2] / otv. nauch. red. Yu.Yu. Piotrovskij. SPb.: Izd-vo Gos. E`rmitazha, 2002 (2003). P. 44-47. (In Russian).
7. Ibatullina G.M. Misterii sud`by` v romane L.N. Tolstogo «Vojna i mir»: put` Posvyashhenij P`era Bezuxova [The mysteries of fate in the novel by L. N. Tolstoy's "War and peace": the path of Initiations Pierre Bezukhov] // Sovremenny`e nauchny`e issledovaniya i razrabotki [Modern research and development]. 2017. № 9 (17) // [E`lektronny`j resurs]: URL:http://olimpiks.ru/arkhiv-nomerov (accessed: 14.02.2018) (In Russian).
8. Ibatullina G.M. Arxetipicheskaya diada Pevecz - Voin v kontekstax literatury` i kul`tury` [Archetypal dyad Singer - Warrior in the contexts of literature and culture] // Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Seriya Istoriya i filologiya [Bulletin of the Udmurt University. Series History and Philology]. 2017. T. 27. № 3. P. 343-351. (In Russian).
9. Kilunovskaya M.E. Interpretaciya obraza olenya v skifo-sibirskom iskusstve [Interpretation of the image of a deer in the Scythian-Siberian art] // Skifo-sibirskij mir. Iskusstvo i ideologiya [The Scythian-Siberian world. Art and ideology] / otv. red.: A.I. Marty`nov, V.I. Molodin. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1987. P. 103-107. (In Russian).
10. Kindrya N.A. Zhivotny`e-totemy` v drevnem soznanii: lingvosemioticheskij kontekst [Animal totems in ancient consciousness: linguistic and semiotic context] // Ucheny`e zapiski Rossijskogo gosudarstvennogo social`nogo universiteta [Scientific notes of Russian state social University]. № 1. 2010. P. 136-140. (In Russian).
11. Kuper Dzh. E`nciklopediya simvolov [Encyclopedia of symbols]. M.: Assocz. duxov. edineniya «Zolotoj vek», 1995. 401 p. (In Russian).
12. Makarov A.I., Pigalev A.I. Mif o vechnom vozvrashhenii. Arxetipy` i povtorenie [The myth of eternal return. Archetypes and repetition] // Istoriya filosofii: E`nciklopediya [History of philosophy: encyclopedia] / sost. i gl. nauch. red. A.A. Griczanov. Mn.: Interpresservis; Knizhny`j Dom, 2002. 1376 s. // [E`lektronny`j resurs]: URL:http://www.velikanov.ru/philosophy/mif_o_vechnom_vozvraschenii_arhetipypovtorenie_eliade.asp (data obrashheniya: 14.02.2018) (In Russian).
13. Nagina K.A. Prostranstvenny`e universalii i xarakterologicheskie kollizii v tvorchestve L. Tolstogo [Spatial universals and characterological collisions in the works of L. Tolstoy]. Voronezh: OOO IPCz «Nauchnaya kniga», 2012. 443 p. (In Russian).
14. Nagina K.A. Metamorfozy` olenya: animalisticheskij kod russkoj literatury` [Metamorphoses of deer: animalistic code of Russian literature] // Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Istoriya i filologiya [Bulletin of the Udmurt University. History and philology]. T. 25, vy`p. 3. 2015. P. 26-35. (In Russian).
15. Olen` (simvolich.) [Deer (symbolic)] // E`nciklopedicheskij slovar` Brokgauza i Efrona [Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron]. Sankt-Peterburg, 1890-1907. Tom XXIA (42). Ne`shvill` - Opaczkij. [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.runivers.ru/bookreader/book10173/#page/424/mode/1up (accessed: 14.02.2018) (In Russian).
16. Pushkin A.S. Evgenij Onegin [Eugene Onegin] // Pushkin A.S. Sobranie sochinenij v 10 tomax [Collected Works in 10 volumes] / Pod obshh. red.D.D. Blagogo, S.M. Bondi, V.V. Vinogradova, Yu.G. Oksmana. T. 4. M.: Xudozh. literatura, 1960. (In Russian).
17. Ry`bakov B.A. Rozhanicy i oleni (losi) [Rozhanytsy and deer (moose)] // Ry`bakov B.A. Yazy`chestvo drevnix slavyan [Paganism of the ancient Slavs]. M.: Sofiya, Gelios, 2002. P. 459-470. (In Russian).
18. Simvoly`, znaki, e`mblemy`: E`nciklopediya [Symbols, signs, emblems: Encyclopedia] / pod obshh. red. V.L. Telicyna. M.: Lokid-Press, Ripol Klassik, 2005. 495 p. (In Russian).
19. Tajlor E`.B. Pervoby`tnaya kul`tura [Primitive culture]. M.: Politizdat, 1989. 573 p. (In Russian).
20. Telegin S.M. Mifologemy` - semena obrazov («Kazaki» L.N. Tolstogo) [Mythologems - seeds of images ("Cossacks" Ln. Tolstoy)] // Telegin S.M. Literatura i mifologicheskaya revolyuciya [Literature and mythological revolution]. [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://lit-yaz.ru/filosofiya/92692/index.html?page=7#2392182 (accessed: 14.02.2018) (In Russian).
21. Tokarev S.A. Totemicheskie mify` [Totemic myths] // Mify` narodov mira. E`nciklopediya: V 2-x t. [Myths of the peoples of the world. Encyclopedia: in 2 v.] / gl. red. S.A. Tokarev. M.: Sovetskaya e`nciklopediya, 1991. T. 2. K - Ya. P. 522-523. (In Russian).
22. Tolstoj L.N. Polnoe sobranie sochinenij. V 90 t. [Full composition of writings. In 90 v.]. M.: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel`stvo xudozhestvennoj literatury`, 1928 - 1958. (In Russian).
23. Xoll Dzh. Slovar` syuzhetov i simvolov v iskusstve [Dictionary of plots and symbols in art]. M.: KRONPRESS, 1996. 656 p. (In Russian).
24. Xramova M.N. Specifika obrazny`x predstavlenij o zhivotnom mife [Specificity of figurative ideas about animal myth] // Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta kul`tury` i iskusstv [Bulletin of the St. Petersburg State University of Culture and Arts]. 2014. № 1(18). P. 12-14. (In Russian).
25. Shirokova N.S. Mify` kel`tskix narodov [Myths of Celtic Peoples]. M.: AST, Astrel`, Tranzitkniga, 2005. 163 p. (In Russian).
Received
2018-05-07
Published 2018-06-22
Published 2018-06-22