МЕЖВЕДОМСТВЕННОЕ ПРОТИВОСТОЯНИЕ В ПРОЦЕССЕ СОЗДАНИЯ ЦРУ
Ключевые слова:
ЦРУ, ФБР, Госдепартамент, Объединённый комитет начальников штабов, США, Группа центральной разведки, холодная война
Аннотация
Данная статья посвящена созданию Центрального разведывательного управления в аспекте межведомственной борьбы. Этот процесс был связан с необходимостью координации всей разведывательной информации, поступавшей в различные государственные органы власти США. Начавшаяся холодная война подталкивала к ускорению формирования нового ведомства. Полномочия, которыми планировалось наделить ЦРУ, не могли возникнуть ниоткуда, поэтому их необходимо было у кого-то забрать и перераспределить. Данный факт обусловил конфликт интересов и межведомственное противостояние за сферы влияния и ресурсы. Исследование проведено на основе официальных меморандумов и деловой переписки. Результаты комплексного источниковедческого анализа позволили идентифицировать основные заинтересованные стороны, их опасения и претензии к новой разведывательной организации. Хронологические рамки исследования - период между заключительным этапом деятельности Управления стратегических служб в 1944 г. и образованием Центрального разведывательного управления в 1947 г.
Литература
1. Дундуков М. Ю. Развитие контрольных полномочий Конгресса в отношении разведывательных служб // Вестн. Моск. ун-та. Сер.: Право. 2014. № 1. С. 104-120.
2. Левин Я. А. Колониальная система после 1945 г. в оценках ЦРУ // Вестн. Волгогр. гос. ун-та. Сер. 4: История. Регионоведение. Международные отношения. Т. 21, № 4. 2018. С. 95-108.
3. Старкин С. В. Проблемы генезиса американского разведывательного сообщества после Второй мировой войны // Вестн. Челяб. гос. ун-та. 2011. № 22. С. 106-111.
4. Central Intelligence Group Directive No. 1, Washington, February 19, 1946, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 218, Records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Leahy Papers. № 130. Top Secret. URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/d104
5. House Report № 2734, 79 Congress 17.12.1946 Committee on Military Affairs. Special Committee. “National security act of 1947”. Hearings before the Committee on expenditures in the executive department 80-th Congr. I sess. June 2, 1947. Washington: Governmental Printing Office 1982. URL: https://legcounsel.house.gov/Comps/National %20Security%20Act%20Of%201947
6. Letter From President Truman to Secretary of State Byrnes, Washington, September 20, 1945, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman, 1945. URL: https://history.state.gov/
7. Memorandum From Attorney General Clark to President Truman, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 51, Records of the Office of Management and Budget, Director’s Files, Series 39.27, Intelligence Secret. URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/d19
8. Memorandum From Secretary of State Byrnes to Secretary of War Patterson and Secretary of the Navy Forrestal, Washington, Truman Library, Papers of Clark M. Clifford, National Intelligence Authority, December 10, 1945. URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/ch1?start=31
9. Memorandum From the Chief of Naval Operations and Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet (King) to Secretary of the Navy Forrestal, Washington, October 9, 1945, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 80, General Records of the Department of the Navy, Sec Nav/CNO Top Secret Correspondence File, 1945, Box 21, Folder A8. URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/ch1?start=31
10. Memorandum From the Deputy Director of Naval Intelligence (Souers) to Clark M. Clifford, Washington, December 27, 1945, Truman Library, Papers of Clark M. Clifford, National Military Establishment: CIA. Top Secret; Personal. Also reproduced in CIA Cold War Records: The CIA under Harry Truman. URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/ch1?start=31
11. Memorandum From the Director of Central Intelligence (Souers) to President Truman, Washington, April 17, 1946, Central Intelligence Agency Historical Files, HS/CSG-2227, Job 83-00739R, Box 2, Folder 3. URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/ch1?start=31
12. Memorandum From the Director of Central Intelligence (Souers) to the President’s Chief of Staff, Washington, May 7, 1946, Truman Library, Papers of Harry S. Truman, President’s Secretary’s Files. Secret. URL: https://history.state.gov/ historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/ch1?start=31
13. Memorandum From the Director of Central Intelligence (Souers) to the National Intelligence Authority, Washington, June 7, 1946, Central Intelligence Agency Historical Files, HS/HC-39, Item 1. Top Secret. Also reproduced with title page in CIA Cold War Records: The CIA under Harry Truman. URL: https://history.state.gov/ historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/ch1?start=31
14. Memorandum From the Director of Central Intelligence (Vandenberg) to the National Intelligence Authority, Washington, August 13, 1946, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 59, Records of the Department of State, Decimal File 1945-49, 101.5/8-1546. URL: https://history.state.gov/
15. Memorandum From the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (Hoover) to Attorney General Clark, Washington, August 29, 1945, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 263, Records of the Central Intelligence Agency, Troy Papers, FBI Documents. URL: https://history.state.gov/
16. Memorandum From the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (Hoover) to Attorney General Clark, Washington, September 6, 1945, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 263, Records of the Central Intelligence Agency, Troy Papers, FBI Documents. URL: https://history.state.gov/
17. Memorandum From the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (Hoover) to Attorney General Clark, Washington, September 27, 1945, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 263, Records of the Central Intelligence Agency, Troy Papers, FBI Documents. URL: https://history.state.gov/
18. 18 Memorandum From the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (Hoover) to Attorney General Clark, Washington, August 8, 1946, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 263, Records of the Central Intelligence Agency, Troy Papers, FBI Documents, Box 8, Folder 18. URL: https://history.state.gov/
19. Memorandum From the Secretary of State’s Special Assistant for Research and Intelligence (McCormack) to Secretary of State Byrnes, Washington, January 7, 1946, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 59, Records of the Department of State, Decimal File 1945-49, 101.5/1-746. URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/ frus1945-50Intel/ch1?start=31
20. Memorandum From Arnold Miles of the Bureau of the Budget Staff to the Assistant Director for Administrative Management of the Bureau of the Budget (Stone), Washington, September 19, 1945, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 51, Records of the Office of Management and Budget, Director’s File, Series 39.27, Intelligence. URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/ch1?start=31
21. Minutes of the Fifth Meeting of the Intelligence Advisory Board, Washington, June 10, 1946, 2:30 p.m., Central Intelligence Agency Historical Files, HS/HC-281. URL: https://history.state.gov/
22. Minutes of the First Meeting of the National Intelligence Authority, Washington, February 5, 1946, 11:30 a.m., National Archives and Records Administration, RG 59, Records of the Department of State, Decimal File 1945-49, 811.002/1-2446. URL: https://history.state.gov/
23. Minutes of the Seventh Meeting of the Intelligence Advisory Board, Washington, August 26, 1946, 2:30 p.m., Central Intelligence Agency Historical Files, HS/HC-281. URL: https://history.state.gov/
24. Minutes of the Seventh Meeting of the National Intelligence Authority, Washington, September 25, 1946, 11:15 a.m., National Archives and Records Administration, RG 218, Records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Leahy Papers, No. 132. URL: https://history.state.gov/
25. Minutes of the Tenth Meeting of the Intelligence Advisory Board, Washington, November 7, 1946, 2:30 p.m., Central Intelligence Agency Historical Files, HS/HC-281. URL: https://history.state.gov/
26. National Intelligence Authority Directive No. 5, Washington, July 8, 1946, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 218, Records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Leahy Papers, No. 132. URL: https://history.state.gov/
27. National Intelligence Directive No. 4, Washington, April 2, 1946, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 218, Records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Leahy Papers, No. 132. URL: https://history.state.gov/
28. National Security Act of 1947, Hearing before the Committee on Expenditures. 80th Congress. I sess. on H.R. 2319, June 27, 1947. Washington: Governmental Printing Office. 1982. URL: https://history.state.gov/
29. Presidential Directive on Coordination of Foreign Intelligence Activities, Washington, January 22, 1946, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman, 1946. URL: https://history.state.gov/
30. Thomas F. Troy, Donovan and the CIA: A History of the Establishment of the Central Intelligence Agency, Featured Story Archive CIA 1981. URL: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/intelligence-history/oss/art02.htm
31. Unification of the War and Navy departments and postwar organization for national security: report to Hon. James Forrestal, Secretary of the Navy. U.S. Senate Committee on Naval Affairs, 79th Cong., 1st sess., Oct. 22, 1945. Washington, G.P.O., 1945. URL: https://history.state.gov/
32. William J. Donovan, Memorandum for the President, Studies Archive Indexes, CIA, November 18, 1944. URL: https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol3no3/html/v03i3a07p_0001.htm
2. Левин Я. А. Колониальная система после 1945 г. в оценках ЦРУ // Вестн. Волгогр. гос. ун-та. Сер. 4: История. Регионоведение. Международные отношения. Т. 21, № 4. 2018. С. 95-108.
3. Старкин С. В. Проблемы генезиса американского разведывательного сообщества после Второй мировой войны // Вестн. Челяб. гос. ун-та. 2011. № 22. С. 106-111.
4. Central Intelligence Group Directive No. 1, Washington, February 19, 1946, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 218, Records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Leahy Papers. № 130. Top Secret. URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/d104
5. House Report № 2734, 79 Congress 17.12.1946 Committee on Military Affairs. Special Committee. “National security act of 1947”. Hearings before the Committee on expenditures in the executive department 80-th Congr. I sess. June 2, 1947. Washington: Governmental Printing Office 1982. URL: https://legcounsel.house.gov/Comps/National %20Security%20Act%20Of%201947
6. Letter From President Truman to Secretary of State Byrnes, Washington, September 20, 1945, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman, 1945. URL: https://history.state.gov/
7. Memorandum From Attorney General Clark to President Truman, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 51, Records of the Office of Management and Budget, Director’s Files, Series 39.27, Intelligence Secret. URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/d19
8. Memorandum From Secretary of State Byrnes to Secretary of War Patterson and Secretary of the Navy Forrestal, Washington, Truman Library, Papers of Clark M. Clifford, National Intelligence Authority, December 10, 1945. URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/ch1?start=31
9. Memorandum From the Chief of Naval Operations and Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet (King) to Secretary of the Navy Forrestal, Washington, October 9, 1945, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 80, General Records of the Department of the Navy, Sec Nav/CNO Top Secret Correspondence File, 1945, Box 21, Folder A8. URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/ch1?start=31
10. Memorandum From the Deputy Director of Naval Intelligence (Souers) to Clark M. Clifford, Washington, December 27, 1945, Truman Library, Papers of Clark M. Clifford, National Military Establishment: CIA. Top Secret; Personal. Also reproduced in CIA Cold War Records: The CIA under Harry Truman. URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/ch1?start=31
11. Memorandum From the Director of Central Intelligence (Souers) to President Truman, Washington, April 17, 1946, Central Intelligence Agency Historical Files, HS/CSG-2227, Job 83-00739R, Box 2, Folder 3. URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/ch1?start=31
12. Memorandum From the Director of Central Intelligence (Souers) to the President’s Chief of Staff, Washington, May 7, 1946, Truman Library, Papers of Harry S. Truman, President’s Secretary’s Files. Secret. URL: https://history.state.gov/ historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/ch1?start=31
13. Memorandum From the Director of Central Intelligence (Souers) to the National Intelligence Authority, Washington, June 7, 1946, Central Intelligence Agency Historical Files, HS/HC-39, Item 1. Top Secret. Also reproduced with title page in CIA Cold War Records: The CIA under Harry Truman. URL: https://history.state.gov/ historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/ch1?start=31
14. Memorandum From the Director of Central Intelligence (Vandenberg) to the National Intelligence Authority, Washington, August 13, 1946, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 59, Records of the Department of State, Decimal File 1945-49, 101.5/8-1546. URL: https://history.state.gov/
15. Memorandum From the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (Hoover) to Attorney General Clark, Washington, August 29, 1945, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 263, Records of the Central Intelligence Agency, Troy Papers, FBI Documents. URL: https://history.state.gov/
16. Memorandum From the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (Hoover) to Attorney General Clark, Washington, September 6, 1945, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 263, Records of the Central Intelligence Agency, Troy Papers, FBI Documents. URL: https://history.state.gov/
17. Memorandum From the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (Hoover) to Attorney General Clark, Washington, September 27, 1945, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 263, Records of the Central Intelligence Agency, Troy Papers, FBI Documents. URL: https://history.state.gov/
18. 18 Memorandum From the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (Hoover) to Attorney General Clark, Washington, August 8, 1946, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 263, Records of the Central Intelligence Agency, Troy Papers, FBI Documents, Box 8, Folder 18. URL: https://history.state.gov/
19. Memorandum From the Secretary of State’s Special Assistant for Research and Intelligence (McCormack) to Secretary of State Byrnes, Washington, January 7, 1946, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 59, Records of the Department of State, Decimal File 1945-49, 101.5/1-746. URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/ frus1945-50Intel/ch1?start=31
20. Memorandum From Arnold Miles of the Bureau of the Budget Staff to the Assistant Director for Administrative Management of the Bureau of the Budget (Stone), Washington, September 19, 1945, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 51, Records of the Office of Management and Budget, Director’s File, Series 39.27, Intelligence. URL: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945-50Intel/ch1?start=31
21. Minutes of the Fifth Meeting of the Intelligence Advisory Board, Washington, June 10, 1946, 2:30 p.m., Central Intelligence Agency Historical Files, HS/HC-281. URL: https://history.state.gov/
22. Minutes of the First Meeting of the National Intelligence Authority, Washington, February 5, 1946, 11:30 a.m., National Archives and Records Administration, RG 59, Records of the Department of State, Decimal File 1945-49, 811.002/1-2446. URL: https://history.state.gov/
23. Minutes of the Seventh Meeting of the Intelligence Advisory Board, Washington, August 26, 1946, 2:30 p.m., Central Intelligence Agency Historical Files, HS/HC-281. URL: https://history.state.gov/
24. Minutes of the Seventh Meeting of the National Intelligence Authority, Washington, September 25, 1946, 11:15 a.m., National Archives and Records Administration, RG 218, Records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Leahy Papers, No. 132. URL: https://history.state.gov/
25. Minutes of the Tenth Meeting of the Intelligence Advisory Board, Washington, November 7, 1946, 2:30 p.m., Central Intelligence Agency Historical Files, HS/HC-281. URL: https://history.state.gov/
26. National Intelligence Authority Directive No. 5, Washington, July 8, 1946, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 218, Records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Leahy Papers, No. 132. URL: https://history.state.gov/
27. National Intelligence Directive No. 4, Washington, April 2, 1946, National Archives and Records Administration, RG 218, Records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Leahy Papers, No. 132. URL: https://history.state.gov/
28. National Security Act of 1947, Hearing before the Committee on Expenditures. 80th Congress. I sess. on H.R. 2319, June 27, 1947. Washington: Governmental Printing Office. 1982. URL: https://history.state.gov/
29. Presidential Directive on Coordination of Foreign Intelligence Activities, Washington, January 22, 1946, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman, 1946. URL: https://history.state.gov/
30. Thomas F. Troy, Donovan and the CIA: A History of the Establishment of the Central Intelligence Agency, Featured Story Archive CIA 1981. URL: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/intelligence-history/oss/art02.htm
31. Unification of the War and Navy departments and postwar organization for national security: report to Hon. James Forrestal, Secretary of the Navy. U.S. Senate Committee on Naval Affairs, 79th Cong., 1st sess., Oct. 22, 1945. Washington, G.P.O., 1945. URL: https://history.state.gov/
32. William J. Donovan, Memorandum for the President, Studies Archive Indexes, CIA, November 18, 1944. URL: https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol3no3/html/v03i3a07p_0001.htm
Поступила в редакцию
2020-02-25
Опубликована 2021-02-25
Опубликована 2021-02-25