SOCIAL SPACE OF THE TRAM AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF A CITIZEN's CULTURE IN THE 1930s - 1940s (AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE CHELYABINSK REGION)

Abstract

In this paper, the tram is considered as a social space that reflects the life and culture of the cities in which it functioned. The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of the tram space in a provincial city of the RSFSR in 1930-1940 on the formation of the culture of a city dweller. The research is based on the analysis of office records, self-sources, journalistic sources through the prism of the methodology of the history of everyday life, with the involvement of a model of social space. The author attributed to the factors that influenced the culture of behavior of citizens in the tramway: the discrepancy between the number of cars in tram fleets and the needs of cities, the shortage and low level of qualification of workers, the low level of culture of the population as a whole during the study period. The formation of the normative behavior of tram passengers was carried out by the following groups of methods: 1) propaganda - publications in the periodical press, the activities of local party cells; 2) administrative - attracting the help of the police, public observers; 3) legal - the publication of normative legal acts of the Main Department of Trams, the change of preferential categories of citizens. The conclusion is made about the significant influence of behavioral practices in the communicative space of the tram on the improvement of the general culture of the citizen in the 1930s - 1940s.