КАЗУС УОКЕРА: ПРОБЛЕМА РЕКОНСТРУКЦИИ БИОГРАФИИ ОДНОГО ИЗ НАИБОЛЕЕ ВЫДАЮЩИХСЯ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ АФРОАМЕРИКАНСКОГО АБОЛИЦИОНИЗМА ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ XIX ВЕКА
Ключевые слова:
Дэвид Уокер, Генри Хайленд Гарнет, Денмарк Визи, Ричард Аллен, Африканская методистская епископальная церковь (AME), Великая Африканская ложа, Всеобщая ассоциация цветных Массачусетса (MGCA), «Воззвание Уокера…», аболиционизм, радикальный афроамериканский аболиционизм, афроамериканская история (Black History)
Аннотация
Статья посвящена одному из самых знаковых персонажей в афроамериканской истории и является первой в отечественной историографии попыткой реконструкции биографии автора знаменитого антирабовладельческого памфлета Дэвида Уокера. Исследование опирается на широкую источниковую базу и работы ведущих западных специалистов, которые подвергаются автором серьезному критическому анализу. Изложение ведется в соответствии с проблемно-хронологическим подходом. Также автор использует идеографический, сравнительно-исторический, ретроспективный методы и метод библиографической реконструкции биографии. Первая часть посвящена рассмотрению раннего этапа жизни бостонского аболициониста, а также проблеме его происхождения. Во второй части автор подробно анализирует период проблему т.н. «скитаний» Дэвида Уокера по США, подробно останавливаясь на его возможном знакомстве с организатором Чарльстонского заговора рабов 1822 г. - Денмарком Визи и связью с Африканской методистской епископальной церковью (AME). Третья часть представляет собой анализ общественной деятельности негритянского активиста с момента его переезда в Бостон и до скоропостижной кончины в августе 1830 г. В заключении приводятся выводы по основной части исследования.
Литература
1. Шумаков А. А. Заговор Денмарка Визи: причины и предпосылки // Известия Саратовского университета. Новая серия. Серия: История. Международные отношения. 2023. Т. 23, № 1. С. 61-70.
2. Шумаков, А. А. История жизни Денмарка Визи: к первичной систематизации фактов // Вестн. Удм. ун-та. Сер. История и филология. 2023. Т. 33, вып. 3. С. 521-529.
3. Шумаков А. А. Принс Холл: у истоков движения «Назад в Африку» и черного масонства // Historia Provinciae - журнал региональной истории. 2021. Т. 5, № 2. - С. 433-458.
4. 10 Facts about David Walker. July 12th 2016. - URL: https://factfile.org/10-facts-about-david-walker (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
5. 1830 Federal Census. Massachusetts. Suffolk County. Boston, Ward S.
6. Aptheker H. One continual cry: David Walker's Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (1829-1830), its setting & its meaning. New York. Humanities press, 1965. 80 p.
7. Beck B. David Walker’s Appeal and everyday abolition. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts Department of English. B.A., University of Vermont, 2007. 62 p.
8. Boston Courier. August 10, 1830. URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20150303021937/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Full_Page_of_the_David_Walker_Death_Notice.pdf (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
9. City of Boston, Valuation Book, Ward 4 and Ward 6, 1826. Boston Public Library.
10. Crockett, H. The Incendiary Pamphlet: David Walker's Appeal in Georgia // The Journal of Negro History. - 2001. 86 (3). - P. 305-318.
11. David Walker. URL: https://www.onthisday.com/people/david-walker#:~:text=Biography%3A%20David%20Walker%20was%20born,city's%20vibrant%20free%20Black%20community (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
12. David Walker's Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. - URL: https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/david-walkers-appeal-to-the-colored-citizens-of-the-world (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
13. Douglas N. Feature: know your Black History - abolitionist David Walker. 2014. URL: https://afropunk.com/2014/12/feature-know-your-black-history-abolitionist-david-walker/ (дата обращения 20.07.2023).
14. Eaton C. A dangerous pamphlet in the Old South // Journal of Southern History. August 1936. Vol. 2, No. 3. P. 323-334.
15. Egerton D. R. He Shall Go Out Free: The Lives of Denmark Vesey, 2nd ed. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2004. 286 p.
16. Freedom's Journal. April 25, 1828.
17. Freedom's Journal. December 20, 1828.
18. Freedom's Journal. September 5, 1828.
19. Garnet H.H., Walker D. Walker's Appeal, with a brief sketch of his life, and also Garnet's address to the slaves of the United States of America. New York: Printed by J.H. Tobitt, 9 Spruce st. 1848. URL: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/16516/16516-h/16516-h.htm (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
20. Hinks P. To Awaken My Afflicted Brethren: David Walker and antebellum slave resistance. - University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State Press, 1997. - 301 p.
21. Holm C. R. “To be free from the slavery of capitalism”: David Walker, Peter H. Clark, and George Washington Woodbey’s black socialist thought… Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The University of Texas at Austin. - August 2021. - 227 p.
22. Index of Deaths and Interments in Boston, Massachusetts, 1810-1840, vol. P-Z. MS. Massachusetts Archives, Columbia Point, Boston, Massachusetts.
23. Mjagkij, N. Organizing Black America: An Encyclopedia of African American Associations. - New York, London. Taylor & Francis. - 2003. - 797 p.
24. Parker L. D. To Awaken My Afflicted Brethren: David Walker and the Problem of Antebellum Slave Resistance. By Peter P. Hinks. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997. URL: https://personal.tcu.edu/swoodworth/Hinks.htm (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
25. Prince Hall Records. Minutes of African Lodge. Boston. 1807-46, compiled by H. V. B. Voorhis, boused at Grand Masonic Lodge of Massachusetts, Boston.
26. Register of Marriages in Boston. 1800-1849. City Hall, Government Center.
27. Registry of Deaths in Boston. City Hall, Government Center.
28. Seymour, A. The Secret History of Prince Hall Freemasonry // American Heritage. Оctober 2020, Vol. 65, Issue 6. URL: https://www.americanheritage.com/secret-history-prince-hall-freemasonry (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
29. Statistics of population. Tables I to VIII inclusive by United States. Census Office. Census (9th: 1870). - Washington: Gov't Print. off., 1872. - 404 p.
30. The “Fanatical Insolence” of David Walker: words to terrify the entire South. 24.03.2016. - URL: https://thiscruelwar.wordpress.com/2016/03/24/fanatical-insolence-david-walker/ (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
31. The following analysis relies on the City of Boston, Valuation Book. Ward 5, 1829, 1830, and 1831 and on the 1830 Federal Census for Ward 5.
32. Walker's Appeal, in Four Articles; together with a preamble, to the Coloured Citizens of the World, but in particular, and very expressly, to those of the United States of America, written in Boston, State of Massachusetts, september 28, 1829: Electronic Edition. Walker, David, 1785-1830. URL: https://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/walker/walker.html (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
33. Wiltse C. M. David Walker’s Appeal. New York: Hill & Wang. 1965. 78 p.
2. Шумаков, А. А. История жизни Денмарка Визи: к первичной систематизации фактов // Вестн. Удм. ун-та. Сер. История и филология. 2023. Т. 33, вып. 3. С. 521-529.
3. Шумаков А. А. Принс Холл: у истоков движения «Назад в Африку» и черного масонства // Historia Provinciae - журнал региональной истории. 2021. Т. 5, № 2. - С. 433-458.
4. 10 Facts about David Walker. July 12th 2016. - URL: https://factfile.org/10-facts-about-david-walker (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
5. 1830 Federal Census. Massachusetts. Suffolk County. Boston, Ward S.
6. Aptheker H. One continual cry: David Walker's Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (1829-1830), its setting & its meaning. New York. Humanities press, 1965. 80 p.
7. Beck B. David Walker’s Appeal and everyday abolition. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts Department of English. B.A., University of Vermont, 2007. 62 p.
8. Boston Courier. August 10, 1830. URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20150303021937/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Full_Page_of_the_David_Walker_Death_Notice.pdf (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
9. City of Boston, Valuation Book, Ward 4 and Ward 6, 1826. Boston Public Library.
10. Crockett, H. The Incendiary Pamphlet: David Walker's Appeal in Georgia // The Journal of Negro History. - 2001. 86 (3). - P. 305-318.
11. David Walker. URL: https://www.onthisday.com/people/david-walker#:~:text=Biography%3A%20David%20Walker%20was%20born,city's%20vibrant%20free%20Black%20community (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
12. David Walker's Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. - URL: https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/david-walkers-appeal-to-the-colored-citizens-of-the-world (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
13. Douglas N. Feature: know your Black History - abolitionist David Walker. 2014. URL: https://afropunk.com/2014/12/feature-know-your-black-history-abolitionist-david-walker/ (дата обращения 20.07.2023).
14. Eaton C. A dangerous pamphlet in the Old South // Journal of Southern History. August 1936. Vol. 2, No. 3. P. 323-334.
15. Egerton D. R. He Shall Go Out Free: The Lives of Denmark Vesey, 2nd ed. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2004. 286 p.
16. Freedom's Journal. April 25, 1828.
17. Freedom's Journal. December 20, 1828.
18. Freedom's Journal. September 5, 1828.
19. Garnet H.H., Walker D. Walker's Appeal, with a brief sketch of his life, and also Garnet's address to the slaves of the United States of America. New York: Printed by J.H. Tobitt, 9 Spruce st. 1848. URL: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/16516/16516-h/16516-h.htm (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
20. Hinks P. To Awaken My Afflicted Brethren: David Walker and antebellum slave resistance. - University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State Press, 1997. - 301 p.
21. Holm C. R. “To be free from the slavery of capitalism”: David Walker, Peter H. Clark, and George Washington Woodbey’s black socialist thought… Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The University of Texas at Austin. - August 2021. - 227 p.
22. Index of Deaths and Interments in Boston, Massachusetts, 1810-1840, vol. P-Z. MS. Massachusetts Archives, Columbia Point, Boston, Massachusetts.
23. Mjagkij, N. Organizing Black America: An Encyclopedia of African American Associations. - New York, London. Taylor & Francis. - 2003. - 797 p.
24. Parker L. D. To Awaken My Afflicted Brethren: David Walker and the Problem of Antebellum Slave Resistance. By Peter P. Hinks. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997. URL: https://personal.tcu.edu/swoodworth/Hinks.htm (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
25. Prince Hall Records. Minutes of African Lodge. Boston. 1807-46, compiled by H. V. B. Voorhis, boused at Grand Masonic Lodge of Massachusetts, Boston.
26. Register of Marriages in Boston. 1800-1849. City Hall, Government Center.
27. Registry of Deaths in Boston. City Hall, Government Center.
28. Seymour, A. The Secret History of Prince Hall Freemasonry // American Heritage. Оctober 2020, Vol. 65, Issue 6. URL: https://www.americanheritage.com/secret-history-prince-hall-freemasonry (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
29. Statistics of population. Tables I to VIII inclusive by United States. Census Office. Census (9th: 1870). - Washington: Gov't Print. off., 1872. - 404 p.
30. The “Fanatical Insolence” of David Walker: words to terrify the entire South. 24.03.2016. - URL: https://thiscruelwar.wordpress.com/2016/03/24/fanatical-insolence-david-walker/ (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
31. The following analysis relies on the City of Boston, Valuation Book. Ward 5, 1829, 1830, and 1831 and on the 1830 Federal Census for Ward 5.
32. Walker's Appeal, in Four Articles; together with a preamble, to the Coloured Citizens of the World, but in particular, and very expressly, to those of the United States of America, written in Boston, State of Massachusetts, september 28, 1829: Electronic Edition. Walker, David, 1785-1830. URL: https://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/walker/walker.html (дата обращения: 30.07.2023).
33. Wiltse C. M. David Walker’s Appeal. New York: Hill & Wang. 1965. 78 p.
Поступила в редакцию
2023-09-03
Опубликована 2024-02-27
Опубликована 2024-02-27