ВНЕШНЯЯ ПОЛИТИКА ГЕРМАНИИ ПРИ А. МЕРКЕЛЬ В ОТНОШЕНИИ РОССИИ
Ключевые слова:
республика, внешняя политика, экономика, приоритеты, политика мира
Аннотация
Считается, что отношения между Германией и Россией имеют фундаментальное значение для европейской безопасности и всей конституции Запада. В то время как некоторые склонны судить о надежности Германии как партнера Соединенных Штатов - и ее так называемого Вестбиндунга в целом - из-за ее отношений с Россией, другие указывают на лидерство Германии в европейской внешней политике, в то время как третьи рассматривают российско-германские отношения как общий барометр конфликтов и сотрудничества в Европе. Как Германия выбирает подход к России и как она, в частности, справляется с кризисом на Украине, - это вопросы, которые лежат в основе нескольких возможных видений будущего европейского порядка.
Литература
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2. ‘Resentment strains German-Russian relations’, Deutche Welle, 17 Nov. 2012, http://www.dw.com/en/resentment-strains-german-russian-relations/a-16382648, accessed 20 Nov. 2015.
3. ‘Ukraine crisis: Vladimir Putin has lost the plot, says German chancellor’, Guardian, 3 March 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/03/ukraine-vladimir-putin-angela-merkel-russian, accessed 6 Nov.2015.
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5. Andreas Rinke, ‘How Putin lost Berlin: Moscow’s annexation of Crimea has transformed Germany’s Russia policy’, IP Journal, 29 Sept. 2014, https://zeitschrift-ip.dgap.org/en/ip-journal/topics/how-putin-lost-berlin, accessed 30 Oct. 2014.
6. David Welch, Painful choices: a theory of foreign policy change (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005).
7. Frank Bцsch, ‘Energy diplomacy: West Germany, the Soviet Union and the oil crises of the 1970s’, Historical Social Research 39: 4, 2014, pp. 165-85.
8. Graham Timmins, ‘German-Russian bilateral relations and EU policy on Russia: between normalisation and the “multilateral reflex”’, Journal of Contemporary European Studies 19: 2, 2011, pp. 189-99 at p. 199.
9. Husband of Pussy Riot member: “We’ll continue to fight, no matter what the verdict”’, Spiegel Online, 14 Aug. 2012, http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/interview-with-husband-of-pussy-riot-membernadezhda-tolokonnikova-a-849730.html, accessed 6 Nov. 2015.
10. Jack Ewing and Alison Smale, ‘In reversal, Germany cools to Russian investment’, New York Times, 28 Dec. 2014.
11. Lilia Shevtsova, Lonely power: why Russia has failed to become the West and why the West is weary of Russia (Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010), p. 218.
12. Markus Kerber, ‘German industry should speak hard truths to Putin’, Financial Times, 7 May 2014; Michael Bauchmьller and Karl-Heinz Bьschemann, ‘Vцlkerrecht geht vor Geschдft’, Sьddeutsche Zeitung, 16 June 2014; ‘German industry lobby supports tougher sanctions on Russia’, Reuters, 28 July 2014; ‘Ukraine-Konflikt: industrie unterstьtzt mцgliche Sanktionen gegen Russland’, Spiegel Online, 14 June 2014, http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/ukraine-konflikt-bdi-unterstuetzt-moegliche-sanktionen-a-975157.html, accessed 6 Nov. 2015.
13. Meister, Stefan. 2014. Reframing Germany’s Russia Policy - an Opportunity for The EU [pdf].
14. Miriam Elder, ‘Vladimir Putin reacts angrily to Angela Merkel’s Pussy Riot comments’, Guardian, 16 Nov.2012.
15. Raik, Kristi et al. 2014. EU Sanctions Against Russia, in The Finnish Institute of International Affairs Briefing Paper 162. The European Union Research Programme.
16. Severin Weiland, ‘German Foreign Minister criticizes Russian legislation’, Der Spiegel, 29 Jan. 2013.
17. Stefan Meister, ‘How Russia lost Germany: and how it can win it back’, Russia in Global Affairs, 19 March 2015, http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/number/How-Russia-Lost-Germany-17365, accessed 6 Nov. 2015.
18. Stefan Meister, ‘Politics trump economics’, IP Journal, 5 Feb. 2015, https://zeitschrift-ip.dgap.org/en/ip-journal/topics/politics-trump-economics, accessed 9 Nov. 2015.
19. T. Forsberg. From Ostpolitik to ‘frostpolitik’? Merkel, Putin and German foreign policy towards Russia. International Affairs 92: 1, 2016, p. 41.
20. Walter Laquer, Russia and Germany: a century of conflict (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1990; first publ. 1965); Celeste Wallander, Mortal friends, best enemies: German-Russian cooperation after the Cold War (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999); Angela Stent, Russia and Germany reborn: unification, the Soviet collapse, and the new Europe (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000); Stephen Szabo, ‘Can Berlin and Washington agree on Russia?’, Washington Quarterly 32: 4, 2009, pp. 23-41; Constanze Stelzenmuller, ‘Germany’s Russia question’, Foreign Affairs 88: 1, 2009, pp. 89-100.
2. ‘Resentment strains German-Russian relations’, Deutche Welle, 17 Nov. 2012, http://www.dw.com/en/resentment-strains-german-russian-relations/a-16382648, accessed 20 Nov. 2015.
3. ‘Ukraine crisis: Vladimir Putin has lost the plot, says German chancellor’, Guardian, 3 March 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/03/ukraine-vladimir-putin-angela-merkel-russian, accessed 6 Nov.2015.
4. Alexander Rahr, ‘Germany and Russia: a special relationship’, Washington Quarterly 30: 2, 2007, pp. 137-45; Mark Leonard and Nicu Popescu, A power audit of EU-Russia relations, policy paper (London: European Council on Foreign Relations, 2007); Susan Stewart, ‘Germany’, in Maxine David, Jackie Gower and Hiski Haukkala, eds, National perspectives on Russia: European foreign policy in the making? (Abingdon: Routledge, 2013), pp. 13-29.
5. Andreas Rinke, ‘How Putin lost Berlin: Moscow’s annexation of Crimea has transformed Germany’s Russia policy’, IP Journal, 29 Sept. 2014, https://zeitschrift-ip.dgap.org/en/ip-journal/topics/how-putin-lost-berlin, accessed 30 Oct. 2014.
6. David Welch, Painful choices: a theory of foreign policy change (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005).
7. Frank Bцsch, ‘Energy diplomacy: West Germany, the Soviet Union and the oil crises of the 1970s’, Historical Social Research 39: 4, 2014, pp. 165-85.
8. Graham Timmins, ‘German-Russian bilateral relations and EU policy on Russia: between normalisation and the “multilateral reflex”’, Journal of Contemporary European Studies 19: 2, 2011, pp. 189-99 at p. 199.
9. Husband of Pussy Riot member: “We’ll continue to fight, no matter what the verdict”’, Spiegel Online, 14 Aug. 2012, http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/interview-with-husband-of-pussy-riot-membernadezhda-tolokonnikova-a-849730.html, accessed 6 Nov. 2015.
10. Jack Ewing and Alison Smale, ‘In reversal, Germany cools to Russian investment’, New York Times, 28 Dec. 2014.
11. Lilia Shevtsova, Lonely power: why Russia has failed to become the West and why the West is weary of Russia (Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010), p. 218.
12. Markus Kerber, ‘German industry should speak hard truths to Putin’, Financial Times, 7 May 2014; Michael Bauchmьller and Karl-Heinz Bьschemann, ‘Vцlkerrecht geht vor Geschдft’, Sьddeutsche Zeitung, 16 June 2014; ‘German industry lobby supports tougher sanctions on Russia’, Reuters, 28 July 2014; ‘Ukraine-Konflikt: industrie unterstьtzt mцgliche Sanktionen gegen Russland’, Spiegel Online, 14 June 2014, http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/ukraine-konflikt-bdi-unterstuetzt-moegliche-sanktionen-a-975157.html, accessed 6 Nov. 2015.
13. Meister, Stefan. 2014. Reframing Germany’s Russia Policy - an Opportunity for The EU [pdf].
14. Miriam Elder, ‘Vladimir Putin reacts angrily to Angela Merkel’s Pussy Riot comments’, Guardian, 16 Nov.2012.
15. Raik, Kristi et al. 2014. EU Sanctions Against Russia, in The Finnish Institute of International Affairs Briefing Paper 162. The European Union Research Programme.
16. Severin Weiland, ‘German Foreign Minister criticizes Russian legislation’, Der Spiegel, 29 Jan. 2013.
17. Stefan Meister, ‘How Russia lost Germany: and how it can win it back’, Russia in Global Affairs, 19 March 2015, http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/number/How-Russia-Lost-Germany-17365, accessed 6 Nov. 2015.
18. Stefan Meister, ‘Politics trump economics’, IP Journal, 5 Feb. 2015, https://zeitschrift-ip.dgap.org/en/ip-journal/topics/politics-trump-economics, accessed 9 Nov. 2015.
19. T. Forsberg. From Ostpolitik to ‘frostpolitik’? Merkel, Putin and German foreign policy towards Russia. International Affairs 92: 1, 2016, p. 41.
20. Walter Laquer, Russia and Germany: a century of conflict (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1990; first publ. 1965); Celeste Wallander, Mortal friends, best enemies: German-Russian cooperation after the Cold War (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999); Angela Stent, Russia and Germany reborn: unification, the Soviet collapse, and the new Europe (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000); Stephen Szabo, ‘Can Berlin and Washington agree on Russia?’, Washington Quarterly 32: 4, 2009, pp. 23-41; Constanze Stelzenmuller, ‘Germany’s Russia question’, Foreign Affairs 88: 1, 2009, pp. 89-100.
Поступила в редакцию
2022-06-11
Опубликована 2023-09-29
Опубликована 2023-09-29