PECULIARITIES OF WATER AND SEDIMENT RUN-OFF IN A RAVINE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE FLOOD

Abstract

The formation of water and sediment run-off in a ravine in different natural zones with humid climate begins before the main flood event. The type of spring (advective or solar type) determines the volume of water and sediment run-off, which is formed depending on the volume of snow masses in the ravine and in its catchment area. The density parameters of the snow mass, formed depending on the alternation of thaws and snow compaction under the influence of wind, determine the nature of the water flow through the snow mass or under the snow. At the same time, with the advective type of spring, the water flow does not produce any erosive work. The solar type of spring corresponds to active erosion of the sides and top of the ravine with a slight impact on the thalweg. The purpose of this work is to show the role of snow masses in the catchment and in the ravine and their influence on the formation of water and sediment run-off in the pre-water period with different types of spring. The work was carried out on the basis of observations during field work in different regions of the country and showed that the flow of water in the ravine at the initial stage of high water depends on the conditions for the formation of snow masses in the ravine. It has been established that snow masses accumulated during winter have an ambiguous effect on the water flow in the pre-water area and largely depend on specific weather conditions and anthropogenic impact on the gully catchment.