ТРАДИЦИОННЫЕ ЭКОНОМИКИ И ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫЙ ПРОТЕСТ В ГЕРМАНИИ И ИТАЛИИ В 1966-1974 гг.
Ключевые слова:
капиталистическая экономика, теория динамики волн протеста, новые общественные движения, Рууд Купманс, Иммануил Валлерстайн
Аннотация
Каждый кризис в рамках мировой капиталистической системы вызывает новую волну интереса к длинным экономическим циклам. Появление во второй половине 20 века новых общественных движений и активность «традиционного» рабочего класса можно рассматривать в качестве важных индикаторов социально-экономического развития в переходных экономиках европейских стран, двигавшихся в направлении постиндустриального общества. В данной статье автор предпринимает попытку применить теорию динамики волн общественного протеста (Рууд Купманс) к анализу процессов, имевших место в Западной Германии и Италии в период 1966-1974 гг. Особое внимание уделяется изучению разных типов движений общественного протеста: спонтанных, полувоенных и связанных с политическими партиями. Подчеркивается, что волна общественного протеста начинается с конфронтационных действий, затем переходит в фазу умеренной общественной мобилизации и заканчивается параллельно идущими процессами институционализации и радикализации.
Литература
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23. Della Porta, D. Social Movements, Political Violence, and the State: a Comparative Analysis of Italy and Germany. Cambridge University Press, 1995.
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29. Della Porta, D. Social Movements, Political Violence, and the State: a Comparative Analysis of Italy and Germany. Cambridge University Press, 1995.
30. Sasson, D. Contemporary Italy: Politics, Economy and Society since 1945. London, New York: Longman, 1986.
2. Wallerstein, I. Antisystemic Movements: History and dilemmas. In Amin, S., Arrighi, G., Frank, A.G. and I.Wallerstein (eds.) Transformating the Revolution. New York: Monthly Review, 1990, pp. 13-53.
3. Kitschelt, H. New Social Movements and the Decline of Party Organization. In Dalton, R. and Kuechler, M (eds.) Challenging the Political Order: New Social and political Movements in Western Democracies. New York: Oxford University Press: 1990, pp. 179-208.
4. Wallerstein, I. Zukin, S. 1968, Revolution in the World-System: Theses and Queries. Theory and Society Vol. 18, no. 4, 1989, pp. 431-449.
5. Tarrow, S. Democracy and Disorder: Protest and Politics In Italy, 1965-1975. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
6. Koopmans, R. The Dynamics Of Protest Waves: West Germany, 1965 to 1989. American Sociological Review, Vol. 58, 1993, pp. 637-658.
7. Tarrow, S. Democracy and Disorder: Protest and Politics in Italy, 1965-1975. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
8. Judt, T. Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945. London: Pimlico, 2007.
9. Judt, T. Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945. London: Pimlico, 2007.
10. Judt, T. Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945. London: Pimlico, 2007.
11. Sorkin, A.L. Monetary and Fiscal Policy and Business Cycles in the Modern Era. Lexington, Massachusetts/Toronto: Lexington Books, 1988.
12. Hennings, K.H. Germany: Country Experience. In Boltho, A. (ed.) The European Economy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982, pp.472-501.
13. Hennings, K.H. Germany: Country Experience. In Boltho, A. (ed.) The European Economy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982, pp.472-501.
14. Sasson, D. Contemporary Italy: Politics, Economy and Society since 1945. London, New York: Longman, 1986.
15. Sasson, D. Contemporary Italy: Politics, Economy and Society since 1945. London, New York: Longman, 1986.
16. Sasson, D. Contemporary Italy: Politics, Economy and Society since 1945. London, New York: Longman, 1986.
17. Sasson, D. Contemporary Italy: Politics, Economy and Society since 1945. London, New York: Longman, 1986.
18. Koopmans, R. The Dynamics of Protest Waves: West Germany, 1965 to 1989. American Sociological Review, Vol. 58, 1993, pp. 637-658.
19. Koopmans, R. The Dynamics of Protest Waves: West Germany, 1965 to 1989. American Sociological Review, Vol. 58, 1993, pp. 637-658.
20. Della Porta, D. Social Movements, Political Violence, and the State: a Comparative Analysis of Italy and Germany. Cambridge University Press, 1995.
21. Tarrow, S. Cycles of Collective Action: Between Moments of Madness and the Repertoire of Contention. Social Science History, Vol. 17, no. 2, 1993, pp. 281-307.
22. Sasson, D. Contemporary Italy: Politics, Economy and Society since 1945. London, New York: Longman, 1986.
23. Della Porta, D. Social Movements, Political Violence, and the State: a Comparative Analysis of Italy and Germany. Cambridge University Press, 1995.
24. Koopmans, R. The Dynamics of Protest Waves: West Germany, 1965 to 1989. American Sociological Review, Vol. 58, 1993, pp. 637-658.
25. Della Porta, D. Social Movements, Political Violence, and the State: a Comparative Analysis of Italy and Germany. Cambridge University Press, 1995.
26. Koopmans, R. The Dynamics of Protest Waves: West Germany, 1965 to 1989. American Sociological Review, Vol. 58, 1993, pp. 637-658.
27. Rossi, N., and Toniolo, G. Italy. In Crafts, N. and Toniolo, G (eds.) Economic Growth in Europe since 1945. Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp. 427-453.
28. Thomas, N. Protest Movements in 1960s West Germany: a Social History of Dissent and Democracy. Oxford, New York: Berg, 2003.
29. Della Porta, D. Social Movements, Political Violence, and the State: a Comparative Analysis of Italy and Germany. Cambridge University Press, 1995.
30. Sasson, D. Contemporary Italy: Politics, Economy and Society since 1945. London, New York: Longman, 1986.
Поступила в редакцию
2019-09-02
Опубликована 2019-12-25
Опубликована 2019-12-25